1.            From 1550 to 1180 BCE, Canaan, the ancient part of Israel, was controlled by the New Kingdom of Egypt.

2.            Ancestors of the Israelites may have included Semites native to Canaan and the Sea Peoples.

3.            Recorded history mentions a battle in 1457 BCE, at Megiddo where Egyptians under Pharoh Thutmose III defeated a Canaanite coalition with the kingdoms of Mitanni, Megiddo, and Kadesh and became a dominating force over Judea.

4.            Grapheme-based writing originated with the development of Phoenician alphabet and Biblical Hebrew language. Monotheism evolved among the Hebrew speakers gradually which later became Judaism.

5.            In 854 BCE Battle of Qarqar Ahab of Israel and Ben Hadad II of Aram Damascus managed to repulse the incursions of the Assyrians

6.            Around 750 BCE, the Kingdom of Israel was destroyed by Assyrian king Tiglath-Pileser III senting most of the population of the northern Israelite kingdom into exile ( who were later known as "Lost Tribes of Israel"). The Samaritans probably descended from survivors of the Assyrian conquest.

7.            An Israelite revolt (724–722 BCE) was crushed after the siege and capture of Samaria by the Assyrian king Sargon II.

8.            Refugees from the destruction of Israel moved to Judah, developing Jerusalem and leading to construction of the Siloam Tunnel during the rule of King Hezekiah (ruled 715–686 BCE). The tunnel probably provided water during a siege (also described in the Bible).

9.            Sargon's son, Sennacherib, tried and failed to conquer Judah, during Hezekiah's reign.

10.          In 586 BC King Nebuchadnezzar II of Babylon conquered Judah, destroyed Solomon's Temple and exiled the Jews to Babylon and driving out the Phillistines.

11.          In 538 BCE, Cyrus the Great of Persia conquered Babylon and took over its empire. As religious freedom was granted Judeans, led by Zerubabel, returned to Judah and rebuilt the temple. In 456 BC, a second group of 5,000, led by Ezra and Nehemiah returned. The final Hebrew editions of the Torah and Books of Kings were written in this period. The Israelites adopted an Aramaic script ( Ashuri alphabet  from Babylon) The Hebrew calendar dates from this period. In 333 BCE, the Macedonian ruler Alexander the Great conquered the region. During that time the first translation of the Hebrew Bible, to greek  the Septuagint, started in Alexandria. After Alexander's death,Judah became part of the Seleucid Empire in 200 BCE at the battle of Panium ( near Golan Heights) after defeat of Ptolemi

12.          In the 2nd century BCE, Seleucid ruler Antiochus IV Epiphanes attempted  to remove Judaism in favour of Hellenistic religion causing the 174–135 BCE Maccabean Revolt led by Judas Maccabeus (This victory is celebrated in the festival of Hanukkah).

13.          The Hasmonean dynasty of Jewish priest-kings ruled Judea. Rabbinical Judaism was shaped Nasi's religious authority gradually became very important

14.          In 64 BCE the Roman general Pompey conquered Syria as Hasmonean civil war  Jerusalem between the groups Pharisees and Sadducees was going on.During the siege of Alexandria in 47 BCE, high priest Hyrcanus II  sent Jewsish troops under Antipater to save Julius Caesar and his protégé Cleopatra

15.          From 37 BCE to 6 CE, the Herodian dynasty, Descendants of Antipater, ruled Judea as Jewish-Roman client kings. Herod the Great developed the temple to make it one of the largest religious structures in the world. Jews were 10% of the population of the entire Roman Empire

16.          Jewish Temple in Jerusalem was exempted from  keeping an effigy of the emperor.

17.          Augustus in 6 CE, deposed the last Jewish king, Herod Archelaus.. There was a small revolt against Roman taxation led by Judas of Galilee and tensions began between the Greco-Roman and Judean population as they tried  to put effigies of the Emperor Caligula in Synagogues and in the Jewish temple.

18.          Jesus was executed in Jerusalem by the Roman governor Pontius Pilate between 25 and 35 CE. All his key followers, the Twelve Apostles, were Jews including Paul the Apostle (5–67 CE) formed a new religion, defining Jesus as the "Son of God".

19.          In 66 CE, the Jews of Judea revolted against Rome, naming their new state as "Israel. During siege of Jerusalem Temple and almost all of Jerusalem was ruined killing more than a million people. During the Jewish revolt, most Christians, considered a sub-sect of Judaism, went away from Judea. The rabbinical/Pharisee movement who opposed the Sadducee temple priesthood, made peace with Rome and survived. After the war Jews were made to fund building of  a temple to Jupiter in the Fiscus Judaicus, Tensions and attacks on Jews around the Roman Empire led to a massive Jewish uprising against Rome from 115 to 117 in Libya, Egypt, Cyprus and Mesopotamia with large-scale massacres of both sides.

20.          In 131, the Emperor Hadrian constructed Temple of Jupiter on the site of the former Jewish temple and banned all Jews from living in Jerusalem ("Aelia Capitolina")

21.          From 132 to 136, the Jews under Simon Bar Kokhba revolted against the Romans, renaming country name to "Israel” in which Christians did not take part Jews regarded Christianity as a separate religion

22.          After quelling the Bar Kochba revolt, the Romans exiled the Jews of Judea. Judah haNasi of  Galilee compiled the final version of the Mishnah. As illiterate Jews were considered outcastes many converted to Christianity. Jewish seminaries  at Shefaram and Bet Shearim produced scholars and the best of these became members of the Sanhedrin.

23.          Emperor Constantine’s mother Helena made a pilgrimage to Jerusalem (326–328) and led the construction of the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem. The name Jerusalem was changed to its previous name of Aelia Capitolina and it became a Christian city. The ban on Jews to reside in Jerusalem was still there, but they were allowed to visit. The surviving Western Wall of the Temple became sacred to Judaism.

24.          In 351–2, another Jewish revolt in the Galilee erupted against a corrupt Roman governor. In 362,, Julian the Apostate (the last pagan Roman Emperor), let his plan of  rebuilding the Jewish Temple to the public. He died while fighting the Persians in 363 and the project was discontinued.

25.          When in 390 CE The Roman Empire split, the region became part of the (Christian) East Roman Empire, known as the Byzantine Empire.

26.          Jews numbered 10–15% of the population, concentrated largely in the Galilee. Judaism was the only non-Christian religion tolerated, but with restrictions like ban on building new places of worship, holding public office and owning slaves. In 425, with the death of the last Nasi, Gamliel VI, the Sanhedrin was terminated and the title of Nasi prohibited. Several Samaritan Revolts erupted in this period,leading to the decrease of Samaritan community from about a million to a near extinction. The Gemara, the Jerusalem Talmud and the Passover Haggadah were written in Palestine.

27.          In 495 Mar-Zutra II (the Exilarch), set up an independent Jewish city-state in present day Iraq. This existed for just seven years and after its decline his son Mar-Zutra III moved to Tiberias.

28.          In 611, Khosrow II,  of Sassanid Persia invaded the Byzantine Empire. With the help of Jewish fighters under Benjamin of Tiberias and possible help of Jewish Himyarite Kingdom in Yemen  Khosrow II captured Jerusalem in 614 and made Nehemiah ben Hushiel as the governor of Jerusalem. The "True Cross" was captured by the Persians.

29.          In 628, Kavad II (son of Kosrow), returned Palestine and the True Cross to the Byzantines and signed a peace treaty with them. As Byzantine re-entered, Heraclius massacred the Jewish population of Gallilee and Jerusalem and reissued the ban on Jews entering Jerusalem. Benjamin of Tiberias was converted to Christianity.

30.          In about 635, an Arab army led by Muawiyah I conquered Palestine and the entire Levant, making it a province of the new Medina-based Arab Empire. The Byzantine ban on Jews living in Jerusalem came to an end and Palestine gradually came to be dominated politically and socially by Muslims, though the dominant religion of the country down to the Crusades may still have been Christian

31.          In 691, Umayyad Caliph Abd al-Malik (685–705) constructed the Dome of the Rock shrine on the Temple Mount (where the Jewish temple had been located). A second building, the Al-Aqsa Mosque, was also erected on the Temple Mount in 705. Both buildings were rebuilt in the 10th century following a series of earthquakes.

32.          During the 8th century, the Caliph Umar II introduced a law requiring Jews and Christians to wear identifying clothing: Jews were required to wear yellow stars round their neck and on their hats, pay poll tax, restriction on travel and ban on construction of new places of worship and repair of existing places of worship.

33.          In 982, Caliph Al-Aziz Billah of the Cairo-based Fatimid dynasty conquered the region

34.          Between the 7th and 11th centuries, Jewish scribes established the Masoretic Text, the final text of the Hebrew Bible.

35.          In 1099, the First Crusade took Jerusalem and established a Catholic kingdom, known as the Kingdom of Jerusalem. During the conquest, both Muslims and Jews were indiscriminately massacred or sold into slavery.