1. In 1828, German chemist Friedrich Wöhler discovered heating an inorganic ammonium cyanate, produced urea, a component of urine showing biological molecules could be created in the lab giving rise to a new branch of chemistry (organic chemistry)
2. Carbon is the foundation of most biological molecules (Carbon -group 14 on the periodic table has 4 valence electrons)
3. Hydro-carbon which consists of carbon and hydrogen only are the organic molecules of the simplest kind.
4. All carbons in a pure hydrocarbon are bound to the maximum number of atoms (4 atoms each) with no double / triple bonds and these compounds are full / saturated. This implies that all the carbons have 4 bonds, either with other carbon atoms or with hydrogen atoms, in which case the hydrogens are bound to one carbon.
5. The simplest alkalies is methane, or CH4 (natural gas)
6. The next simplest alkaline is ethane or C2H6 (2 carbons side by side, each one of them in bonded to 3 hydrogen atoms)
7. Carbon occurs in its pure form in nature as graphite and diamond
8. Carbon atoms constitute around 18 percent of the human body
9. Synthetic dyes are made from organic compounds
10. DNA molecules if stretched one out it would be about three feet long